![]() The naval approach to Saint Petersburg was greatly facilitated by the construction in 1875–85 of a canal, 7 m (23 ft) deep, through the shallows, whereas cars can travel overland to the island by using the Saint Petersburg Dam from the north and south shores of the Gulf of Finland. The island thus divides the seaward approach to St Petersburg into two channels that on the northern side is obstructed by shoals which extend across it from Kotlin to Lisiy Nos the southern channel, the highway to the former capital, is narrowed by a spit which projects from opposite Lomonosov on the Russian mainland, and, lying close to Kronstadt, has been historically strongly guarded by batteries. The eastern or broad end is occupied by the city of Kronstadt, and shoals extend for 2.4 km (1.5 mi) from the western point of the island to the rock on which the Tolbaaken lighthouse is built. In general outline, the island forms an elongated triangle 12.1 km (7.5 mi) long by about 1.6 km (1.0 mi) broad, with its base towards St Petersburg. In March 1921, Kotlin was the site of the Kronstadt rebellion, which resulted in over 11,000 casualties. The city of Kronstadt was founded on Kotlin island by Peter the Great, who took it from the Swedes in 1703. The Kotlin programming language is named for the island, much as the Java programming language shares its name with an Indonesian island. The island serves as a gateway to Saint Petersburg and as such has been the site of several military engagements. The fortified city of Kronstadt is located on the island and forms part of a World Heritage Site that is Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments. Kotlin separates the Neva Bay from the rest of the gulf. Kotlin ( Russian: Ко́тлин Swedish: Reitskär) is a Russian island, located near the head of the Gulf of Finland, 32 kilometres (20 mi) west of Saint Petersburg in the Baltic Sea.
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